According to a study published in the journal Neurology, mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) affected cognition 1 year later.

The prospective TRACK-TBI study noted that at 1 year, 13.5% of people with mild TBI had poor cognitive outcome in comparison with 4.5% of controls. In a univariate analysis, poor 1-year cognitive outcomes were found to be linked to non-white race, lower income, lower education, lack of health insurance, hyperglycemia, depression prior to injury, and greater injury severity (all P<0.05).

Investigators evaluated 656 individuals presenting to Level 1 trauma centers within 24 hours of mild TBI with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13 to 15 between February 2014 and May 2016, and 156 demographically similar healthy controls. Among the 13.5% of mild TBI patients having poor cognitive outcomes 1 year later, 10.1% had only cognitive impairment, 1.6% had only cognitive decline, and 1.8% had both. Among control subjects, 3.3% had cognitive impairment only, 0% had cognitive decline only, and 1.2% were found to have both… (Medpage Today)